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December 21, 2011

2011 wrap-up



Editor's note: Thank you to readers worldwide.  This will be the final post of the year.  Next year there will be at least two postings per month.  Starting in January we'll examine what a red-headed girl with German heritage (No, not my mother) can teach us about using great words to give your ledes variety. We'll also learn one of the most important methods of self study, which could be THE factor in taking your news writing to the next level.  Until then, feel free to contact me with suggestions or questions.  Thanks for reading.



"I can't have a steady diet of junk and have it not impact me."
                                                                                     -Freddie Russell

Russell is right. The media you choose to consume and people you hang around affect you. I don't need to tell you that negative stuff constantly picks at you all day long ... and it comes from surprising sources and at surprising times. That's why its important to choose to put things into your mind that grow you and remind you of the right way to live.

Here are some of the books and audio books I’ve read or listened to this year. I am passing along eight titles from this year that I recommend to everyone, no matter your industry or interests.

Many of these eight are from the reading list on PersonalMBA.com. While a few titles on that list I would rate “good,” most I would rate “excellent” or “standout.” I have only recommended those in the later two categories. I also recommend viewing the list and picking some self-enhancing titles that interest you. I’m grateful to have discovered this list this year. See it here: http://personalmba.com/best-business-books/

My 2011 recommendations:

1. Friendship Factor … by Alan Loy McGinnis

2. From the Hood to the Hill … by Barry Black. (Dr. Black is the United State's top minister -- he's chaplain of the U.S. Senate. His journey is inspiring)

3. The Art of Exceptional Living … by Jim Rohn

4. Personal Development for Smart People … by Steve Pavlina

5. Lead the Field … by Earl Nightingale

6. What Got You Here Won’t Get You There … by Marshall Goldsmith

7. The Ultimate Sales Machine … by Chet Holmes

8. Born to Run … by Christopher McDougall (In addition to reading this fun, amazing story, get ready to throw out the window all the knowledge you have about foot health and human movement. I know I sound like an infomercial by saying this, but this book has changed my life. Remember in the movie/book "Moneyball" how it unfolds that the knowledge of the old-time scouts is no longer relevant? Well, this book is like Moneyball, but for feet. For more info, read my January 14, 2011, note on my Facebook page)

December 14, 2011

The Internship: students, here's what to do during your week off between Christmas and New Year’s




This week we’re taking a break from our usual tips on observations of patterns in journalism writing. Soon it will be time for college student readers of this blog to research and apply for next summer's internships. Deadlines are typically in January, February or March, and the week of downtime between Christmas and New Year's is a good time to get started. So for this week's post we interviewed an internship veteran to help students prepare for this process.

Chloe Daley is a 22-year-old Sacramento State University senior who has landed five journalism internships, including W magazine in New York, Sactown magazine in Sacramento, and 7x7 magazine in San Francisco.

Daley has interviewed everyone from Google executives to mermaids. She has attended club-opening parties and eaten pickled pigs feet for taste reviews. In the Big Apple this past summer, her window-side desk on the 19th-floor of a Condé Naste building near Times Square overlooked the New York City skyline.

She graciously granted an interview when we caught up with her last month in her hometown of Roseville, California. She offered tips to students and recent grads on landing internships, and more importantly, what to do once you’re in the door. She also discussed things you might not expect to encounter upon landing a cool spot in a big city.

Interview excerpts:

Journalism Patterns: Did you ever think you’d get the W internship?

Chloe Daley: Never in a million years. I mean, I’m a nobody from Sacramento, why would they pick me? The only reason I got the interview, I think, was because I interned in San Francisco. And that’s key, you have to keep building on your internships.

One sidenote: I think most people don’t apply for enough internships. When I applied for New York, I applied for probably close to 30 internships over a month. I was actually still interviewing with people after I got my internship just to practice my phone interviews. I got W and that was exciting.

Why should someone want to be an intern?

I think that during college there is only so much you can learn from your professors, and you need the real work experience of how to deal with people, how to take your skills into the working environment. It’s the only place you’ll get that type of experience. You make really great connections with people, you get to learn different styles, whether it’s newspapers or magazine.

What have you learned?

Definitely take initiative. That’s the number one thing I’ve learned.

Also, I can’t stress enough to be on time. I’ve seen some interns really start off on the wrong foot [by] being late with deadlines and in person.

Another thing, get over your fear of talking on the phone. Just pick up the phone and start calling people. Learn to talk.

Overall, though, you definitely learn how to work with different types of people. I think it prepares you for the work environment wherever you go. You understand what people expect of you, too.

What goals did you take to your internships?

Every internship I’ve tried to set personal goals for myself. Let’s say, “I want to pitch a certain amount of story ideas.” Or “I want to write for a certain section, how am I going to get there, what research do I need to do?”

I knew when I started that I wanted to do magazines. I’ve learned a lot at each internship and about each section, whether it was fact checker or writing their events playlist. I’ve done everything from mundane Excel spreadsheets to interviewing people at club openings. Oh, and I interviewed a mermaid once.

A mermaid.

Yea, they swim in a tank in a club in Sacramento.

Thanks for sharing that. How did you grow at some of your internships?

One of them was the first time I’d been to a publication that ran on a monthly cycle. It was a lot of pressure, and you learn to get things done quickly.

At another one I was basically a full-time staffer. They made you do a lot and really push you with workload during the day. It wasn’t like, “Oh, here are two tasks you can do.” It was more of a reporter position.

What do editors expect of you?

Really to be very detail-oriented, to be a go-getter. Really show that you are so enthusiastic about whatever publication you’re working at. That was probably one of the most key things that I pushed myself was to always be pitching story ideas with different things that I could do for the publication. Keep up Google alerts, getting your info tailor-related for what you’re working on.

When I was in New York I pitched a lot of story ideas to my editor. Half of them were things that were already covered by other people. You had to understand the style of the magazine and you couldn’t step on anyone’s toes. I only ended up publishing one thing, but she said, “It’s been ages since an intern pitched anything to us. I’m so glad you want to write for us.” So it’s not about just doing what they say but really pushing yourself at every internship.

You mentioned detail-oriented. To what extent are you talking?

When I worked at Sactown [magazine] we would fact check [each] issue according to how national magazines do it – it’s called local, final, super final, and close. Four steps you have to do with the red pen and the pencil. You’re crossing out each letter – it’s copy editing but on the most minute level. Every single adjective has to be fact checked, basically. You have to call people and ask the strangest questions and people can sometimes give you attitude. For the first two months I did it I was so uncomfortable. We did, say, a sandwich feature and there were 20 sandwiches, and I had to call each place and ask “OK, so is this spinach, tomato, lemon aioli? Or tomato, pesto, spinach aioli?” And they’d be like, “Really, does this matter?” And I’d say “Yes.”

What’s the best thing about being an intern?

That you’re still learning, that you don’t have to get all [scared] when the sky falls. It’s not your fault, really. …You get to do a lot of fun things, too. They’ll throw things your way and you can try a lot of things and do a lot. You’re not locked into being the copyeditor or the fact checker. You can go from department to department, which I did a lot. You would help Fed-Ex some stuff one day, another day you’re helping people who manage the office, the next day you’re interviewing someone from Google.

Leading question: just how cool was it living in New York City for a summer?

Ha ha, that is such a leading question. It was the best summer of my life, honestly. The internship wasn’t necessarily the best internship I’ve ever had. It was probably my third favorite. But the living experience was the best. Just being at that pace and meeting so many creative people, that was huge. Everyone has a side project they’re working on. They have their day job, but what they’re really passionate about is what they do at night. I volunteered for this project called Longshot magazine. It’s a 48-hour collaborative project, pretty much everyone from writers and designers, photographers … there were a lot of people from the Atlantic and Wired. So I got to hang out in SoHo and help people around that office and choose some of the pieces that would go into the magazine.

What were some of the challenges you hadn’t expected about living in a big city on your own?

I didn’t face too many challenges, I was prepared for a lot of it. It’s very expensive in New York, my goodness. Finding a place [to live] is very hard. Harder than you think.

Loneliness is definitely something, too, a factor for sure. A friend came and lived with me for two months so that eliminated the loneliness. She stayed, she’s actually still there. I found a church and I got connected. I started going to one of the small groups and started hanging out with people so that was great. That’s kind of how I met people mostly.

What advice do you have for someone about to become an intern? What should they try to learn?

I think they first of all should understand how the full publication works. Every facet, from the fact checkers to the receptionist job. I think you should have an understanding of how the whole finished product comes out. Once you understand that, you have an understanding of what you want to go into and focus on. I see a lot of people – mainly broadcast majors – who complain that they get stuck in a little room and they don’t know what else is going on. I think part of the experience is knowing what the whole industry is about. Also, I think once you get in there you should show initiative in whatever task they give you, because once you prove yourself with something really small, they’ll give you something bigger. That’s how it works. I’ve definitely done the grunge tasks and menial stuff.

Most interesting thing that happened?

This was actually very hard, but one of the exciting pieces I got to write, I interviewed the creative tech at Google. Before I interviewed him it took me two weeks to figure out what his job description is. Our editor was like “I don’t even know what this guy does. This is so confusing.” It turns out he’s an artist, but he’s also a math wiz. He does visual displays. He’s even been in the [Museum of Modern Art].

Off-beat stuff?

I once had to go buy pickled pig feet. We did a “best of the city” issue and one of our writers picked these. I had to go to this restaurant – they didn’t speak English – and order the thing and then fact-check all the information with them. It was nerve-wracking but I got it done. I took it back to the office and made everyone eat it with me.

Shameless promotion: of the postings on this blog, why did you say the October 6 posting on Writing About Other People was your favorite?

You have to write about other people. That’s one of the reasons I enjoy journalism. I think even if I got out of it I would want to be doing something that is asking people about their lives and understanding how they think and what motivates them. It’s the whole human interest level of journalism, that’s what I’m passionate about. I think that’s what people want to read. You can write the same old story a million times, but it’s the people who make it what it really is.

Any other advice for someone going to an internship?

As far as what to do when you’re there, make yourself indispensable. Meet everyone in the room, definitely. I think people don’t – especially young kids – we don’t seem to be able to just introduce ourselves to people. These people don’t have time for you, you’re an intern. So introduce yourself, make yourself memorable.

New York is a little bit different. It was a big corporation and it was etiquette you didn’t talk to people in other departments. But I think in city publications or a newspaper, you need to meet everyone. You never know when someone might need something and you can say “I can do that for you, I’m not doing anything now.” I’ve ended up doing jobs for people who weren’t even in my department. You have to be willing to do anything.

And I think it’s really important to keep good ties with everyone at your internship. Definitely meet everyone and build connections.

Another thing is before you ask a question – this sounds dumb, but really – Google it. Don’t waste people’s time. Both when you’re interviewing people and especially in the office. When you get to a publication and there’s so much you have to learn about style and format and protocol, there’s so much you can learn by just looking at the website or checking the publication itself. I’ve listened to other interns who have come in after me and I’m thinking, “Oh please don’t ask that question, the editor is going to be so ticked off.” So I’ve eliminated that by just looking things up online.

Role reversal: What makes a good journalism mentor?

Someone who checks in with you at the beginning and the end. I feel like some editors will give you something but will never ask how you’re doing. They just ask “where is it?” They just expect it. What helps is someone who just takes a little time to talk to you about what you’re interested in. Constructive feedback is the most important thing. If you don’t get feedback you don’t grow.

Someone who doesn’t say, “Oh, just have the intern do it.” It has to go both ways, the intern has to care first, otherwise they don’t get the time of day. But if the intern is dedicated you should show your appreciation by taking the time. Maybe take them to coffee and ask them what they want to do. Just little gestures that mean a lot to people who may be working for free.

I don’t know that much about fashion. What kind of a wardrobe does a prospective intern need to build in order to work at a place such as W magazine?

I felt terrified showing up there, to be honest. There are legends there. The building is The Devil Wears Prada. But it was a pretty causal office. During fashion week everyone ups the ante, and you see them all over the fashion blogs. There are only a few fashion editors who really go over the top. But the fashion interns, they don’t have any money, so they’re just trying to be creative. They’re really cute, but it’s not like everyone’s wearing Alexander Wang.

Million-dollar question: what’s your plan after graduation?

Saving money and moving back to New York. I have a lot of things in the fire now. I might want to go teach English abroad. Ha, I’ve even applied for some other internships.

December 7, 2011

Three punctuation tips to try


This week we’ll look at three types of punctuation you can use to add variety to your stories.

I was lucky to work with three professional reporters at an international religious business session last year.  My assistant and I noticed that each had their own flair with an element of punctuation that seemed unique to them.

Arin Gencer, formerly of the Baltimore Sun, was great with the em dash (–).

Edwin Garcia, formerly of the San Jose Mercury News, was great with using bullet points.

And Mark Kellner of the Washington Times made good use of the semicolon.

So take your finger off the letter keys for a moment while we look at these one by one, starting with the em dash.

Instead of me explaining Arin’s use of the em dash, let’s have her do it – she was kind enough to write us about it.  Arin unknowingly referenced a key text from Proverbs, which could describe the goal of this blog.  I’ll share that text and its concept at the end of this posting.  Here are three great examples of her use of the em dash:


And here is her explanation via email:

I actually haven't always been such a rampant em-dash user. At the risk of sounding like I'm pointing fingers, one of my colleagues (another former journalist) heavily subscribes to the almighty em dash, and she's rubbed off on me over the past couple years. You know how you sometimes find yourself picking up expressions/words from people you hang out with a lot? Well, that apparently happens in writing as well – at least for me.

I tend to use the em dash when I want to signify a pause or turn in a sentence; to add an extra but sometimes superfluous thought, idea or description; or to interrupt a sentence with a particular detail or other relevant note. Sometimes commas just don't do the job for me in these instances, or don't set apart an interrupting clause clearly enough. (I could definitely have used an em dash instead of a comma in that last sentence, btw.)

Example: After a day of hassle, the bus driver – a tall, portly man who had been driving for 15 years – finally saw red and decided to run over any pedestrian who got in his way.

That sentence just doesn't work as well, in my opinion, with commas: After a day of hassle, the bus driver, a tall, portly man who had been driving for 15 years, finally saw red and decided to run over any pedestrian who got in his way.

Despite the handiness of the em dash, I do try not to let it become a crutch. But I will probably never turn my back on it completely. :o)

Thanks, Arin.

Another element of punctuation you can use is the bullet point. Three things to remember:
  • You can use bullet points to list additional items voted in a meeting later in the story using several one-sentence paragraphs.  
  • Keep the verb tenses consistent.
  • Keep the number of bullet points between three and six. No need to go too long.



And finally, the semicolon:

Here are a few examples of Mark Kellner using it effectively, both to offer a pause in a sentence: (3rd paragraph) http://news.adventist.org/en/archive/articles/2011/11/01/north-american-adventists-reaffirm-commissioned-ministers-as-conference-mis

And to create lists:

Finally, I’d like to close this post with a point that Arin brought up.  She said, “You know how you sometimes find yourself picking up expressions/words from people you hang out with a lot?”

The wisest man who ever lived once wrote: “He who walks with the wise grows wise…” (Proverbs 13:20).  He also said, “The wisdom of the prudent is to give thought to their ways…” (14:8). 

The point is – which Arin stated so well – that we become like the influences we allow in our life.  They often affect us more than we even realize.  Former Adventist Review editor Bill Johnsson once suggested that I should be reading a modern translation of the Bible. If I were constantly reading an antiquated translation, he said, it would subtly affect my writing.

If we make a point to spend time studying good writing, we will become better.  The best people in a profession always want to grow themselves and make themselves even better.  Conversely, I’ve seen people with poor attitudes who refuse to read self-improving books or take time to learn something new about their profession. 

A servant’s attitude of taking the time to develop your talents will take you far -- study and seek out mentors.  You'll realize that bettering yourself means you have more to offer others – in this case, your editors and readers.  You will be rewarded for it with money, recognition, requests to do more assignments, and the possibility of being offered more responsibility.  Serving others is ultimately service to yourself.

Doing the exercises outlined in this blog is one way of becoming a better writer.  My goal is to point out excellent examples to emulate.

So anyway, when appropriate, remember to try some variety with punctuation. Remember the em dash, bullet point and semicolon.

Arin, a native Texan, might also want you to remember the Alamo, too.

November 30, 2011

Ask 'why' five times; the wisdom of Toyota and Jimmy Breslin


I was hiking through a hillside jungle of Southeast Asia last year when I decided to employ an investigative technique outlined by the world's largest auto maker.  You can use it too:

Take your stories to the next level by asking “why” five times.  If you get stuck, you can substitute one or all five with “so what?"

I got this idea from a book about the Toyota Motor Corporation. Their historically impressive reliability is rooted in their management principles, a science that doesn’t earn enough recognition. If something were to go wrong they would go beyond the surface explanation and probe for a possible underlying reason by asking “why” five times.

For example: One out of three windshields that were installed by Sally on the assembly line are cracked within a day. Instead of firing her, ask “why” five times:

1.     Why: Because she bumps them when installing them. She isn’t able to control the installer well.
2.     So What: She thought she was clumsy, but now when her manger tries and he has the same problem with her machine.
3.     Why: Because last month the machine was serviced improperly. The technician, Bob, inadvertently installed the wrong size replacement screw.
4.     Why: Because he unknowingly pulled a 3/8 screw from a drawer labeled 1/4
5.     Why: Because Jared, whose job it is to manage the replacement shop facility, has been sloppy in his work.

As we can see, Jared is the employee who needs to be reprimanded and cited for sloppy work. But without asking “why” or “so what” five times, good workers such as Sally on the assembly line or maintenance worker Bob might have been wrongly criticized.

I took to heart this lesson of asking “why” five times last year when I was in the Philippines. The Southern Asia-Pacific Division officers told me that in the south in the last few years 40 Protestant pastors from other denominations had converted to the Seventh-day Adventist faith, along with many of their congregations. So I took the one-hour flight to General Santos City and met up with a guide.

But instead of doing a story about how wonderful this was and parading the Adventist faith as the “true” faith with 40 pastors now proving it, I decided I wanted to go deeper.

I took lots of pictures and constantly scribbled notes while bouncing in a pickup along rural hill roads and while hiking up and down steep trails through mountainside jungles and farms. At one little thatch-roofed church I happened to take a picture of a girl sitting next to me. She was holding a baby – her little sister, or so I thought. My guide later told me that wasn’t her little sister, but her daughter. I was surprised because the mother couldn’t have been 15. It turns out that early marriage is common in the region.

That’s when it clicked for me. I remembered writing notes about two hours prior about how Adventist leaders in the region want to get kids of the newly Adventist congregations into schools. Other denominations don’t have the educational focus and infrastructure that Seventh-day Adventists do.

I knew I had my lead, and I asked more questions to confirm it. “The parents push their daughters to get married so they can receive a dowry,” my guide said. “Now we hope they’ll push their daughters to finish school.”

So instead of a story about 40 pastors converting to the Adventist faith, I did a story about the same thing but focused it on how it’s going to change the lives of many of their parishioners for the better. Essentially, I had subconsciously asked “so what” several times.

The story is here: http://news.adventist.org/en/archive/articles/2010/12/07/in-the-philippines-faith-conversion-offers-spiritual-reassurance-practical-

If I may be so bold, this is how legendary reporter Jimmy Breslin approached stories. He wanted to cover major events focusing on how they affected the “common man.”

The day of JFK’s funeral, every reporter in Washington D.C. was along Pennsylvania Avenue covering the event the same way as everyone else. Not Breslin. He was across the Potomac River at Arlington Cemetery interviewing the man who was digging JFK’s grave. The next day, Breslin’s story stood out.

So before reporting a story, you might now choose to ask “why” or “so what” several times. Also, ask, "whom does this really affect?" It will likely give you options for reporting a more unique and interesting angle in an otherwise predicable storyline.

November 23, 2011

Prayers for Thanksgiving

My family tradition is to gather all 30 of us in a circle around the enormous buffet and read the blessing together out loud. Aunt Dottie does especially well at the "loud" part.

For Thanksgiving break this week, here are two prayers: the second one is a link to a great prayer for reporters. The first is an original. Enjoy, and be thankful. We'll get back to the heavy stuff next week.



Our Editor, Who art in Heaven,
hallowed be Your byline.
Your conglomerate come,
Your writing be done,
in ink
as it is on the jump to page eleven.
Give us on 1A our daily spread,
and forgive us our errors,
as we forgive our lousy sources.
Lead us not into wanting to just report easy stuff,
but deliver us from writer’s block,
for Thine is the newsroom,
and deadline in one hour,
and Your story forever.

Amen.


November 16, 2011

Does your story have a professional 'look'?


Content aside, does your news copy have the look and feel of a top-tier news story?

Try keeping your paragraphs to one or two sentences...once in a while three.

But who am I to say how many sentences should be in a paragraph or how many words should be in a sentence? Don’t take my word for it. Let’s let editors of top news agencies offer their answers. They’ll tell us as we examine what they publish.

This post is on how to compare your stories to the pros in terms of appearance. Your stories should look like they belong in a top-selling newspaper.

For analysis, I pulled at random a story off the front page of three major market papers – Chicago Tribune, San Diego Union-Tribune, and The Washington Times.

I know I use the Times a lot. I recommend for beginners and those trying the exercises in this blog to frequently use The Washington Times and/or USA Today – both consistently use short, punchy sentences. Often, it can be harder to write short, meaningful sentences. It’s a good skill to know instead of relying solely on long or meandering sentences (see the September 8 posting on using fewer words).

I examined in each of the following three stories:

-words per story
-number of paragraphs per story
-mean average of words per paragraph
-shortest paragraph
-longest paragraph
-shortest sentence
-longest sentence
-frequency of number of sentences per paragraph

The first story I examined was this one from the San Diego Union Tribune: http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/nov/05/historic-ship-found-off-hawaii/

It has 840 words, 21 paragraphs (‘grafs’ from here on), which equals a mean average of about 41 words per graf.

Shortest graf: 9 words
Longest graf: 60 words
Shortest sentence: 6 words
Longest sentence: 39 words

Number of grafs with:
-one sentence: 5 (23%)
-two sentences: 12 (57%)
-three sentences: 2 (10%)
-four sentences: 2 (10%)


The second story I examined was this one from the Chicago Tribune: http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-1105-groupon-20111105,0,4021709.story

1029 words, 21 paragraphs = 49 words per graf.

Shortest graf: 16 words
Longest graf: 77 words
Shortest sentence: 6 words
Longest sentence: 44 words

Number of grafs with:
-one sentence: 5 (24%)
-two sentences: 11 (52%)
-three sentences: 4 (19%)
-four sentences: 1 (5%)


The third story I examined was this one from The Washington Times: http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/nov/3/house-subpoenas-white-house-solyndra-documents/

831 words, 26 paragraphs = about 32 words per graf.

Shortest graf: 12 words
Longest graf: 53 words
Shortest sentence: 6 words
Longest sentence: 41 words

Number of grafs with one sentence: 17 (65%)
Number of grafs with two sentences: 9 (35%)


Sorry, I’m not great at layout and design; I know it would be helpful to see all three of these examples side by side. Here is a crude display of all three examples and their mean averages:

Total words per story: 840, 1029, 831 = mean average of 900
Number of grafs per story: 21, 21, 28 = 22.6
Story’s mean average of words per graf: 41, 49, 32 = 40.6
Number of words in shortest graf: 9, 16, 12 = 12.3
Number of words in longest graf: 60, 77, 53 = 66.3
Number of words in shortest sentence: 6, 6, 6 = 6
Number of words in longest sentence: 39, 44, 41 = 41.3
Percentage of grafs with:
  -One sentence: 23, 24, 65 = 37%
  -Two sentences: 57, 52, 35 = 48%
  -Three sentences: 10, 19, 0 = 10%
  -Four sentences: 10, 5, 0 = 5%

I know I don’t have enough examples to make this statistically significant, but by looking at numbers from each story example and then by combining all three, we at least have something to go by.

At this point, some of you may be shrugging your shoulders, while others might find that you’re surprised by some of the results. Perhaps you were previously writing paragraphs with four to six sentences (the above examples suggest that most of your grafs should be one or two sentences). Maybe you never had a sentence with fewer than 20 words. Or maybe your words-per-graf were way off from any of these examples.

You don’t have to write like the examples above. But if you feel your writing has plateaued, try examining structure in some of your own stories. If you find you’re way off from some of the examples here -- or examples found in media you’d like to emulate -- getting your writing closer to these boundaries may help.

And don’t just aim for the average within the boundaries. Bump up against the extremes now and then, as the above examples do. While you may choose to write some longer sentences and paragraphs, be sure to write some that are fewer than 10 or 6 words. Mix it up. (there’s a three-word sentence right there)

If you want to study the top five best-selling newspapers in the U.S., they are:

-The Wall Street Journal
-USA Today
-The New York Times
-Los Angeles Times
-San Jose Mercury News

Personal development guru Earl Nightingale said that all philosophers throughout history agreed upon only one thing: “We become what we think about.” Maybe studying top writers will make you a better writer yourself.

Try this exercise on your own with the kinds of stories you’d like to write – national, local, sports, features, lifestyle, or you may wish to study special interest magazines, such as fashion, travel or art.

Pull stories from online and paste into Notepad or Word Wrangler. Then cut and paste into a Word document for total word count. You can then highlight paragraphs and sentences and choose Word Count under the Tools menu. Remember to first remove the picture caption and advertising copy if it accidentally pastes into your document.

November 9, 2011

How to not show up in this blog


While this blog is dedicated to borrowing/being inspired by/stealing from patterns in top-tier journalism, you don’t want to be seen as a hack. Avoiding a few key clichés will demonstrate your originality.

I once had an editor who wouldn’t allow reporters to print the quote “win-win.” "It’s too much of a cliché,” she said. If a subject gave that quote – often “win-win situation” – reporters had to keep asking questions and get a different quote.

She also wouldn’t allow the quote “giving back to the community.” One of the other reporters for a time even ran a blog called Stop Giving Back – an ode to the egregious uses of the phrase found on daily news sites.

A word I dislike printing is “intentional.”  It’s often stated in a religious management setting. “We need to be more intentional about this,” or “we’re going to intentionally reach out to others more.” The word is unnecessary. A more effective word is “deliberate.” Or just delete it altogether. Think about it … do you “intentionally pick up a suitcase,” or do you just simply “pick up a suitcase”?

On the TV show The Simpsons, executives of the Krusty the Clown show thought they would increase ratings by making the show more “proactive” and by offering a “new paradigm.” The writers saw through the corporate consultant’s drivel.  

My favorite parody of hack journalism is the YouTube video, How To Report The News, by Charlie Brooker. He drops the F-bomb once, but that’s OK for this example, I guess. It's not unwarranted in his British setting.

Actually, if you’re a student and can put together a TV news report this good, you’re doing well. Still, it’s a reminder of how formulaic news reporting can be.

Watch it here:


November 6, 2011

One sentence or paragraph at a time

Beginning writers can sometimes have difficulty focusing their writing. Their story can kinda be all over the place. This exercise can help.

Write your story in one sentence. That’s it….only one. Pretend your editor is asking you to do so.

Then pretend your editor has gotten back to you, approved your one-sentence story and granted you another sentence. Write a second sentence to your story.

Then add a third. With each sentence, you’re pretending in your mind that the story could be cut off at any point. This is extreme loyalty to the inverted pyramid—key information up top, less crucial information further into the story.

You can do this exercise one sentence at a time or one paragraph at a time. Remember, a paragraph in newswriting should only be 1-3 sentences, once in a while 4.

Writing one sentence at a time or one paragraph at a time (with the thought that the story could end after each) will help your stories have stronger focus.

November 2, 2011

Teach yourself good story flow


It’s been a while since the fellow journalism nerds and I played a game I like to call "Newswriting Skeleton." Only serious journalism nerds will even attempt this. I'm talking reeeeeally nerdy: tape-on-your-glasses, toilet-paper-on-your-shoe, high-waisted-pants-with-suspenders and a-bust-of-Bob-Woodward-on-your-nightstand-with-accompanying-shrine nerdy.

Get a newspaper or online news story, and on a piece of paper write down the generic description of each paragraph in a story. The goal of Newswriting Skeleton is to see who can describe the accomplishment of each paragraph in generic terms most thoroughly and in the fewest words.

Generic, Thorough, and Concise.

For example, if the news story is 20 paragraphs, you’ll end up with 20 descriptions. Let’s take The Washington Times story about the assassination of Benazir Bhutto, referenced in my September 27, 2011 posting:

(Again, note to IP lawyers who might consider suing me for this: Please notice that this is for educational purposes and I am only quoting three paragraphs out of the story’s total of 28.):

PARAGRAPH 1: Political icon Benazir Bhutto was killed in a suicide attack, all but ending a bid by moderate civilian politicians to take on militant Muslims who have made Pakistan the hub for global terrorism.

PARAGRAPH 2: Mrs. Bhutto, 54, had just finished addressing a campaign rally of her Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) in Rawalpindi, a suburb of the capita, Islamabad.

PARAGRAPH 3: As she rose through the sunroof of her lightly armored sport utility vehicle, an assassin hit the opposition leader and former prime minister with at least two bullets before blowing himself up.

PARAGRAPH 4: (I won't write it, but it's a quote from a senior PPP leader commenting on the significance of the assassination).

Your list of descriptions might look like the following:

1.     Title, Who, died and how, significance.
2.     Subject's age, what she was doing just prior to death, where.
3.     Details of subject's death, additional bio info.
4.     Quote from subject's people on significance of her death.

Do this Newswriting Skeleton exercise for an entire story. Do it for several stories. Invite your fellow nerds over for a Saturday night party to do a bunch of them. You can rank each other's paragraph as you review your descriptions together. You can determine who had the description of each paragraph that accomplished the three goals the best: Generic, Thorough, and Concise.

Keep each story and paperclip to it each corresponding paragraph description you wrote. You can review them regularly. You'll see how these story patterns can be used for similar stories by just changing the nature of the subject, dates, locations, etc..

After a while, I think you’ll see how this teaches at least two things:

-Flow (how the story unfolds)
-Thoroughness (what details are necessary to offer readers)

You’ll really start to notice patterns emerge, especially if you do it with some obits (see earlier blog postings on obits). Seeing these patterns will influence your own writing so that you also achieve excellent story flow and thoroughness of necessary details.

While your local major market daily will work fine (Chicago Tribune, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The Seattle Times, etc…) I recommend this and other exercises using USA Today and The Washington Times – each has short, clear sentences. Save the New York Times and The Washington Post for later, after you feel comfortable with this exercise … I mean, amazingly fun game. 

Start off with hard news, especially the police beat, and know it well before branching out to metro news, world, features, sports, lifestyle and celebrity. If I’m hiring a writer, I first look at clips of their hard news writing before I move on to their features.

October 26, 2011

Teaching yourself to ask better questions


Interviewing consists of you asking questions and then selecting appropriate answers to print. The better questions you ask, the better answers you’ll get. You can use questions that the pros use. Look in news stories to find them.

“But they don’t print questions,” you say. That’s true. But they do print answers. And the theme of this blog is to [borrow/be inspired by/steal from] the pros. You can figure out the questions they ask by turning this into a “Jeopardy!” exercise – the answers are given, you supply the questions.

Think: "What question did the reporter have to ask to get this answer?"

For example, on the front of today’s Washington Post metro section there is a story about a county considering moving 6th grade to middle school. The first quote, from a parent, says: “He’s might get exposed to things that I think he’s not ready for.” A possible question to arrive at this answer might be: “Are you for or against this move? Why?”

On the front of today’s Wall Street Journal is a whacky feature about a yogi wanting to teach Afghan insurgents and coalition fighters to join in practicing yoga. (the bottom of the front page of the Journal always delivers a fun feature story). A quote later in the story says: “We explained that meditation needs to be experienced rather than discussed as this is not intellectual therapy, but inner spiritual work.” A possible question might have been: “Why did you actually make people get down and mediate on the floor of your office when they were still in their military fatigues?”

Tip: While these aren't the most exciting examples, do this exercise with an entire news story. Write down the question for each quote. Then do it for every quote in the entire newspaper. Do this with a different paper each day for a week – WSJ, USA Today, New York Times, Washington Post, etc…  At the end of the week you will have a ton of questions written down. If you wrote them on a computer you’ll be able to group them into patterns you notice. Some will be straight forward, some will be off-beat, some will begin with various words (5 Ws and H). You’ll be able to think of questions on your own that were inspired by this list.

Then read “The Craft of Interviewing” by John Brady (It's a bit scattered, but still one of the best books on interviewing).

You will then be a great interviewer.

Ansel Oliver – saving you journalism class tuition.


(For beginners, a good, quick overview is here: http://www.concernedjournalists.org/ten-tips-better-interview)

October 20, 2011

How to write amazing headlines

Want to write amazing headlines? Find some amazing headlines and write them out with pen on paper.

Get the front news section of The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and two other top-tier newspapers such as the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, and write out all the headlines and subheads that appear.

Then get The New York Times arts section and The Wall Street Journal's Review section and Off Duty sections and write out all the headlines and subheads you see there.

Then do the same for two issues of Forbes magazine and then for two top-tier magazines in your own profession or industry sector.

Then you'll know how to write amazing headlines.

You're welcome.

October 19, 2011

Really spoil the ending in the headline


Buddy Stals Kinborg brought me back a newspaper from his recent travels. It’s the student paper from an Adventist University…I won’t reveal which one, only to say that it rhymes with “othern.”  The front page has a headline that nearly gets the point, but it can be even better.

The headline is “Library introduces new search engine to students.”

My question is, “What’s the name of the search engine?” Or maybe it doesn’t have a name. There’s no name for the search engine mentioned in the story. Maybe it’s the nameless search engine. Anyway, I thought the headline could have offered more detail -- its name, what it does, or a critique. Examples:

Library introduces search engine Geegle
Geegle offers search of all library content
New Geegle search engine delivers, but bugs still remain

This reminds me of a seminar I taught in Jamaica last month – one of the best groups I’ve ever encountered. Even so, a few of the headlines written by workshop participants got close, but didn’t quite make the grade:

New leader selected for conference president
Beach ministry announces new director

These are close, but they don’t quite spoil the ending right away, which a good headline does. In addition to saying a position has been filled, a headline should actually say who that person is ... maybe even something about them. Now, church writers in Jamaica are writing excellent headlines, such as the following:

Jones selected as new conference president
Deputy Director Smith tapped as new beach ministry director

This goes along with this blog's first post, on August 30.  Instead of just saying that something happened, give details about what happened.  For example, a more effectively headline than:

Conference president speaks at church Sabbath Afternoon

would be

Conference president calls for more cheese at potlucks

For more on this, please see the August 30, 2011 post.

For now, help your readers understand the entire story in your headline.